Essay Topics Concerning Conscience in Shakespeares Macbeth

Essay Topics Concerning Conscience in Shakespeare's MacbethEssay topics concerning conscience in Shakespeare's Macbeth are especially difficult. In this play, Macbeth is considered by his peers as the most reprehensible of all the villains. He's an evil man with no regard for human life.He views himself as a god among men, and Macbeth knows this better than anyone else. He believes that he is above the law and that no one can hold him accountable. As Macbeth utters those infamous words, 'All for myself and none for others,' the audience understands what his true intention is. He wants to leave his actions entirely in the hands of his conscience, a feeling shared by none other than Macduff, who quickly and sympathetically puts a stop to it.When reviewing your essay topic concerning conscience in Shakespeare's Macbeth, don't allow your focus to be solely on Macbeth. While he's the main focus of the essay, there are plenty of other characters who fall into Macbeth's duplicitous, evil ca tegory. Most importantly, everyone in the play has strong convictions and beliefs about what is right and wrong. They are all different, but each character has their own view of right and wrong, and an equal right to hold another responsible. They are, therefore, a reflection of themselves.Let's look at one of the main characters in Shakespeare's Macbeth. Duncan is described as being 'the most honest man' in Macbeth's world. But what makes him so honest? That's a question that you'll find yourself asking. Duncan may be 'the most honest man' in Macbeth's world, but what makes him truly so?You can't truly understandMacbeth's motives in Macbeth unless you consider Shakespeare's background and environment. Much of Macbeth's morality comes from his upbringing alone. For instance, Duncan's vow of allegiance to Macbeth means little without the memories of guilt and regret from years past. Similarly, when Macbeth uses Macduff's betrayal as a weapon to get rid of Macduff's loyal wife, it was her torture for years that created her hostility towards Macbeth. The damns have been cast, and it's only Macbeth's conscience that can cleanse his sins.Macbeth sees no reason to wonder about his conscience or question his action, no matter how complex Macbeth may be. But Macduff, who killed Macbeth's wife as he slept, questioned his guilt and held him responsible for everything that happened at Dunsinane. There is no need for Macbeth to be reminded of his sins or questioned for them. His conscience cleanses everything for him.Macbeth is not alone in his ability to disregard the feelings of his conscience. Macduff, too, questions his guilt and holds Macbeth responsible for everything that happens at Dunsinane. If you allow your focus to remain solely on Macbeth, he'll continue to disregard any evidence to the contrary. Of course, not everything in Macbeth's childhood is his fault. But that doesn't mean that those events didn't play a role in shaping the man that he is today.Shakesp eare's Macbeth essay topics concerning conscience need to begin with that idea of the dead coming back to haunt the living. From Macbeth's first wife, Merena, to Macduff, who betrayed Macbeth on his wedding night, the dead came back to haunt. And they haven't stopped haunting, either. Because of the deeds of those who died in the first place, the people of the city can't live without the curse of war. There is, then, no escape from the dead.

What Are the Advantages of Using Accuplacer Writing Essay Practice?

<h1>What Are the Advantages of Using Accuplacer Writing Essay Practice?</h1><p>Accuplacer composing paper practice programming is a far reaching composing program that shows understudies how to compose an article utilizing jargon or pre-composed sentences. It depends on the standards of the five-advance procedure that urges understudies to build up their jargon aptitudes and creates jargon capacity through composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>It is said that acceptable composing capacity of an individual is first evolved through perusing and learning about the subject notwithstanding other individual and scholarly exercises. Accuplacer composing exposition practice programming helps understudies by giving different highlights that assist understudies with fortifying their composing skills.</p><p></p><p>For model, it very well may be useful for understudies to look at least two papers composed by a similar writer in a resea rch project composing task. It can likewise assist with investigating what data can be gathered from each paper to set them up for a meeting or introduction. Aside from this, it causes understudies to gain from models that depict qualities and shortcomings of the writer.</p><p></p><p>Moreover, there are different advantages of utilizing Accuplacer paper practice in a school article composing course. The program makes understudies mindful of their composing style with the goal that they don't wind up submitting indistinguishable mix-ups from an essayist. This improves the understanding degree of an understudy when composing and much later on, while presenting their paper.</p><p></p><p>Apart from that, there are many composing tips offered by this program. These tips can be valuable for essayists just as understudies. The program even has an intelligent online activities that permit understudies to investigate their composing aptitudes b y rehearsing their composing abilities while taking a shot at the system.</p><p></p><p>For understudies who neglect to show an agreeable outcome as far as spelling and language, there is likewise a free assistance in Assess. They can utilize it to know the issues of spelling and language in a particular book. In addition, it permits understudies to investigate the subject and read however much as could be expected about the topic.</p><p></p><p>All these favorable circumstances that the product offers, make it advantageous to utilize Accuplacer article practice. It encourages understudies see how to compose an exposition and build up their jargon at the equivalent time.</p>

Essay Writing - The Best Way to Write an Essay in Third Person

<h1>Essay Writing - The Best Way to Write an Essay in Third Person</h1><p>With legitimate paper keeping in touch with you can make certain to get a passing mark. The individual who composes is the person who gets the best grades. This article will assist you with composing a paper all alone on the off chance that you don't have a coach to help you.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you have to know is the motivation behind composing the exposition. You may compose an exposition to get An, or to acquire some additional cash for your investigations, or to get the most ideal evaluation. Or on the other hand you can compose it, since you are showing it and need to show your understudies how to think fundamentally and accurately throughout everyday life. Whatever reason you are utilizing to compose an article, it is the obligation of the exposition author to ensure that the paper is very elegantly composed and insightful.</p><p></p>&l t;p>Before composing your exposition it is critical to choose the structure. The exposition can be in a few arrangements: first individual, second individual, third individual, which is likewise called a tribute, and so on. The exposition will be distributed in your instructor's work area for reviewing purposes.</p><p></p><p>An paper ought to be short and basic. One section ought to be not exactly a page and its motivation ought to be one sentence or maybe only a couple of sentences. The primary concern ought to be short, clear and professional.</p><p></p><p>When composing your exposition, it is smarter to utilize the main individual. When writing as an outsider looking in your whole exposition is associated by utilizing the pronoun I. Ensure that you incorporate the correct pronouns, and particularly attempt to abstain from utilizing the imperative.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes you need to utilize Adverbs to impro ve the tone of your paper. Maintain a strategic distance from unreasonable utilization of Adverbs as this can add all the more significance to your paper that you don't need.</p><p></p><p>The punctuation rules for writing in third individual is truly direct. The main precarious thing about writing in third individual is the point at which you consolidate the pronouns with pronouns for the other individual and the other way around. Attempt to maintain the control as predictable as possible.</p>

The New Angle On Samples of a How to Essay Just Released

The New Angle On Samples of a How to Essay Just Released What You Need to Do About Samples of a How to Essay Beginning in the Next 20 Minutes Employers may not refuse to employ an experienced worker whose employment authorization expires at a subsequent date. Discussion of implementation Television is just one of the most promising profit-making industries, and it's natural that the absolute most helpful solutions are associated with financial gains. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask her or him to make corrections. Essays come in various types, and every one of them has a special purpose that the student should concentrate on to earn a fantastic essay. Before you commence writing your college essay, you may choose to see the essay examplesA that we've listed for you, so that you can have more idea on what things to put in the college essay which you will create. An argumentative essay doesn't include unsubstan tiated opinions. Make it a typical 5-paragraph essay. As a writer, you compose an essay for a particular purpose. Possessing good essay examples provides the reader an in-depth and on-the-court idea about what a well structured and coherent essay appears like. To help you produce a productive essay outline here are tips that can assist you. Utilize your essay to prove that you're thoughtful and mature, your personality has depth. What You Need to Know About Samples of a How to Essay Unfortunately, you might not always be in a position to recognize the name of a particular person. For instance, there is not any way you're able to argue on the subject of whether humans walk on two legs because it is a known fact with no attached debate. When you get rid of an argument, odds are you only used opinion to strengthen your position. A superb argument demands using logic and irrefutable evidence. Samples of a How to Essay - the Conspiracy There are lots of solutions to your essay writing needs online but some are much better than others. Use the aid of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! Tell our experts what sort of homework help on the internet you will need to get. Brainstorming of solution options Through brainstorming, it's possible to create several solution choices. If it's the very first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have plenty of questions. This issue of assignment might seem narrow. Somebody works part-time and doesn't have sufficient time to do all of the assignments. Such feedback is known as evaluative feedback. Possessing a very clear and structured plan is the foundation for any fantastic bit of writing, and a college essay is not any different. 1 approach to acquire a notion of what colleges are searching for is to read some excellent essays from students who've been successful in their bid to put in a selective university. Naturally, there's no universal template that could address your college essay trouble forever. One very simple, tempting choice is to use college essays samples. Many college applicants make the error of attempting to include things like all their accomplishments and activities in their application essays. The student must devote sufficient time for brainstorming and research to produce a great essay. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Developing a good college essay are able to lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Or you'll be able to view 18 essays all on a single page. Writing a college essay can arrive in various forms and styles based on your taste. These seven sample essays respond to a wide variety of thought-provoking questions. Students won't learn how to speak whether the teacher is speaking all of the time. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. To help make sure students are successful, it's essential for teachers to know about possible blocks that might avoid language learning. Therefore, many students and employees decide to obtain inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. There are specific factors, an individual can't avoid in the present world. A cultural identity essay is a form of creative or academic writing that expresses the sensation of belonging to a specific culture credited to the growing up and becoming an individual person with its personality. The crucial job of eradicating poverty is an essential requirement for sustainable development to be able to decrease the disparities in standards of living and better meet the requirements of the better part of the folks of the world. There are two main forms of blocks.

Marketing Planning The Marketing Plan Essay - 1545 Words

To attract mixed segment ther is need to marketing planning is indeed the key to the whole marketing process. The marketing objectives state just where the company intends to be; at some specific time in the future. James Quinn succinctly defined objectives in general as: Goals state what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but they do not state how the results are to be achieved. They typically relate to what products will be where in what market. They are essentially about the match between those products and markets. Objectives for pricing, distribution, advertising and so on are at a lower level, and should not be confused with marketing objectives. They are part of the marketing strategy needed to achieve marketing objectives. To be most effective, objectives should be capable of measurement and therefore quantifiable. This measurement may be in terms of sales volume, money value, market share, percentage penetration of distribution outlets and so on. An example of such a measurable marketing objective might be to enter the market with product Y and capture 10 per cent of the market by value within one year. As it is quantified it can, within limits, be unequivocally monitored; and Corrective Action|corrective action taken as necessary. The marketing objectives must usually be based, above all, on the organization s financial objectives; converting these financial measurements into the related marketing measurements. He wentShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Planning And The Big Picture Marketing Plan3126 Words   |  13 Pagesmust divide potential customers into segments and find ways to best satisfy them. Strategic marketing deals with the big picture marketing planning. It analyzes how a company can best satisfy its customers and makes a profit as it. Strategic marketing planning is directed from the top of the company and is extremely important in any for- profit to organization. Several key principles govern strategic marketing. 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Symbolism In Young Goodman Brown Essay Research free essay sample

Symbolism In Young Goodman Brown Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Nathaniel Hawthorne # 8217 ; s work is typically fraught with symbolism, much of it deducing from his Puritan lineage ; a great-great uncle was really a justice in the Salem witchery tests # 8221 ; ( Roth 76 ) . Not surprisingly, Hawthorne was obsessed with the duplicate subjects of wickedness and guilt. Author John Roth notes that # 8220 ; A figure of repeating thematic forms and character types appear in Hawthorne # 8217 ; s novels and narratives. These repeats show Hawthorne # 8217 ; s accent on the effects of events on the human bosom instead than the events themselves # 8221 ; ( 76 ) . Because he is talking of what we subsequently would come to name the unconscious, Hawthorne extensively employed the usage of symbolism, which bypasses the witting, logical head to tap into its more surreal procedures. # 8220 ; The narrative begins as a conventional fable, making the outlook that the characters will systematically exhibit the abstractions they symbolize # 8221 ; ( Levy 116 ) . # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown # 8221 ; is an fable whose characters play a major function in exposing the finding of what to believe and what non to believe. The short narrative represents one adult male # 8217 ; s wild journey to go forth his religion, place, and security temporarily behind to take a opportunity with the Satan on an escapade into a dark wood. In his short narrative # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown, # 8221 ; the chief character goes away into the wood and undergoes a life-transforming experience at that place. The wood is a really existent symbol of the trial of strength, bravery, and endurance ; it took existent fortitude to last in the wood, and a immature individual come ining this wood would non emerge the same. However, this narrative is more symbolic than realistic, and the dangers are of the spirit. The narrative is a dream vision, or witting twenty-four hours dream, that explains the subject of the narrative as being a formal fable composed of monolithic symbolism. Many symbols help the supporter Goodman Brown move toward a vision of immorality which causes an unexpected consequence of misgiving due to his unsure determination of sing a dream or world. In # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown # 8221 ; the writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne, creates a short narrative that displays a clearly absent fable through the finding of the witting and unconscious, composed of an tremendous sum of symbolism interpreted from the scene, characters, and secret plan in the narrative. To get down with, an fable is # 8220 ; a signifier of drawn-out metaphor in which objects individuals, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the significances that prevarication outside the narrative itself. The underlying significance has moral, societal, spiritual, or political significance, and characters are frequently personifications of abstract thoughts as charity, greed, or enviousness # 8221 ; ( Bereng 1 ) . In this instance, the narrative # 8217 ; s scene, characters, and secret plan represent abstract constructs such as religion, artlessness, and evil. The narrative is allegorically centered around Young Goodman Brown. The characters # 8217 ; names, Goodman and Faith, evidently bespeak how Hawthorne uses them as a spiritual fable to stand up against the immorality in the narrative. It is no accident that such an experience should hold taken topographic point in a wood, for there is a long and highly profound tradition in our literature for experiences of this nature holding taken topographic point in forest scenes. Psychologist Bruno Betelheim, for illustration, shows that in the common people narrative # 8220 ; The Three Bears, # 8221 ; Goldilocks encounters the bungalow of the three bears in a wood ; in # 8220 ; Hansel and Gretel, # 8221 ; the kids # 8217 ; s male parent takes them off into the forest to abandon them and they have to happen their manner back out ; in # 8220 ; Red Riding Hood, # 8221 ; the small miss has to go through the wood to her grandma # 8217 ; s house. Betelheim besides observes that # 8220 ; Since antediluvian times the near-impenetrable wood in which we get lost has symbolized the dark, concealed, near-impenetrable universe of our unconscious. If we have lost the model which gave construction to our past life and must now happen our ain manner to go ourselves, and have entered this wilderness with an as yet undeveloped personality, when we win in happening our ain manner out we shall emerge with a much more highly-developed humanity # 8221 ; ( Betelheim 94 ) . However, this does non go on in # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown. # 8221 ; Alternatively of courageously combating down the dangers of the wood and emerging more mature, Goodman Brown emerges a destroyed adult male. In order to find why, it is necessary to look at some of the other symbols in the narrative. It should non get away attending that Goodman Brown # 8217 ; s married woman, a blithe naif adult female, bears the name of Faith. Faith is by no agencies an unusual adult female # 8217 ; s name, but it is important in this narrative that she is presented to us foremost as a really immature bride with pink threads in her hair # 8211 ; about like a kid. Her pink threads symbolize her young person and artlessness, and Faith in bend symbolizes her hubby # 8217 ; s childlike spiritualty at the beginning of the narrative. Now, in Christianity childlike religion is non a bad thing. Jesus said, for illustration, # 8220 ; Truly I say to you, whoever does non have the land of God like a kid shall non come in it # 8221 ; ( Mark 10:15 ) . Christianity historically has been a faith of obeisance and piousness much more than one of ground or logic, every bit much as the framers of the Age of Reason would wish to reason otherwise. As the narrative opens, we find Faith characterized by childlike assurance and pureness, contrasted with # 8220 ; the adult male with the serpentine staff # 8221 ; ( Hawthorne 266 ) , who attempts to carry Goodman Brown by # 8220 ; concluding as we go # 8221 ; ( 265 ) . Faith, it should be note vitamin D, does non try to deter her hubby out of his purposes through ground but through fondness ; with â€Å"her lips. . . close to his ear† ( 264 ) , she asks Goodman Brown non to travel into the wood on his cryptic errand. What is his errand? Hawthorne neer says, but clearly Goodman Brown has planned for it. He knows that the purpose of his journey is less than wholesome, for he feels guilty at go forthing Faith on # 8220 ; such an errand # 8221 ; ( 264 ) . Author Terence Martin speculates that # 8220 ; [ Goodman Brown s ] journey into the wood is best defined as a sort of general, undetermined fable, stand foring adult male # 8217 ; s irrational thrust to go forth religion, place, and security temporarily behind, for whatever ground, to take a opportunity with one more errand onto the Wilder shores of experience # 8221 ; ( Martin 92 ) . Author Q.D. Leavis notes that # 8220 ; The journey each must take entirely, in apprehension, at dark, is the journey off from place and the community, from witting, mundane societal life, to the wilderness where the concealed ego satisfies, or is forced to recognize, its subconscious frights # 8221 ; ( Leavis 36 ) . And writer H.J. Lang observes that # 8220 ; The subject of the narrative is merely, traveling to the Satan. What for? For lecherousness, surely, but more for cognition # 8221 ; ( Lang 91 ) . Goodman Brown besides seems to cognize whom he is traveling to run into at that place, because when he meets the adult male with the serpentine staff, he is startled by # 8220 ; the sudden visual aspect of his comrade # 8221 ; ( Hawthorne 265 ) who was however # 8220 ; non wholly unexpected # 8221 ; ( 265 ) . Snakes, of class, mean the Devil # 8211 ; and if this person is non himself the Devil he is surely, in camouflage, about indistinguishable to him. His staff is subsequently described as being # 8220 ; twisted # 8221 ; ( 266 ) every bit good. Now, here are all of the elements of the quest narrative: the journey into an chartless and unsafe kingdom, typifying the unconscious ; and, shortly after the journey begins, the meeting with a usher who knows this forbidden and cryptic district good. However, at this point the narrative veers significantly off from its traditional way. Goodman Brown announces that he does non desire to travel any farther into this wood. He has met the adult male at the border of the wood by pre agreement, in response to a vow of some kind ; and, # 8220 ; holding kept compact by run intoing thee here, it is my intent now to return whence I came. I have consciences touching the affair 1000 wor # 8217 ; st of # 8221 ; ( 265 ) . Having read the full narrative, one can construe this on two degrees. Goodman Brown may experience, as he says, that the geographic expedition of this interior wood may be a wickedness. It is easier by far to follow the recognized way of religion, to walk, as the Church itself frequently footings it, # 8220 ; in the Light # 8221 ; . By walking in the visible radiation, that is, by following exactly the dogmas of Christian life and by avoiding all state of affairss where morality does non split itself into clear countries of black and white, one feels safe, clean, and virtuous. By making this, one besides misses out on the deepness, the profusion, that a fuller experience of life might offer, but it is unimpeachably an easier way. In decision, the writer Nathaniel Hawthorne creates a short narrative, # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown, # 8221 ; that displays a clearly absent fable through the finding of the witting and unconscious, composed of an tremendous sum of symbolism interpreted from the scene, characters, and secret plan in the narrative. It can non be clearly known what Young Goodman Brown has done while come ining the forest # 8211 ; experienced a wild dream or had a an experience with world. He knows why he is traveling, but he is in no manner prepared for what he will happen at that place, viz. the iniquitous natures non merely of himself but of his male parent, his gramps, his church community, and most horrifyingly of all, his married woman. He emerges from his experience wholly changed. But because he was unprepared to accept with tolerance and grace the visions he would have at that place, he has been changed for the worse. He was supposed to larn that everyone is human, and therefore should be treated with compassion ; he alternatively learned that everyone is a evildoer, and therefore everlastingly after he treats them with disdain. Enlightenment can leave great wisdom, but merely to those whose heads are unfastened vass to have it. Goodman Brown # 8217 ; s is non. Bereng, Cy. # 8220 ; Allegory. # 8221 ; Literary Footings. 10 April 2000. . Betelheim, Bruno. The Uses of Enchantment. 2nd ed. , New York: 1977. The Bible. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York: Thomas Nelson A ; Sons, 1953. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown. # 8221 ; Detecting Literature: Narratives, Poems, Plays. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Eds. Hans P. Guth and Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 1997. 263-272. Lang, H.J. # 8220 ; How Ambiguous is Hawthorne? # 8221 ; Hawthorne: A Collection of Critical Essaies. Ed. A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966. 89-94. Leavis, Q.D. # 8220 ; Hawthorne as Poet. # 8221 ; Hawthorne: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966. 36-39. Levy, Leo B. # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown. # 8221 ; Modern Critical Positions: Nathaniel Hawthorne. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York, Philadelphia: Chelsea House P, 1986. 110-122. Martin, Terence. # 8220 ; Young Goodman Brown. # 8221 ; Nathaniel Hawthorne. 1st Ed. New York: Twayne P, 1965. 90-99. Roth, John K. American Diversity, American Identity. New York: Henry Holt A ; Co. , 1995.

Witch Hunts Essays - Communism In The United States,

Witch Hunts Imagine what it would be like to be labeled a Communist for the mere fact that you happened to sport a goatee? It happened in the 1950's McCarthyism period! Doesn't this sound strangely similar to the Salem witch-hunts? Perfectly normal people accused of being witches just because they were seen dancing strangely in the woods. McCarthyism and the Salem witch-hunts were both attempts by power-hungry people to diminish their competition without any concrete evidence. The causes of the Salem witchcraft trails and ?McCarthyism? were irrational fears that witchcraft and communism were going to infiltrate society if drastic measures were not taken. Once the idea that witchcraft might really be going on got started, the behavior of normal citizens was open to suspicion of witchcraft. Likewise, the real fear of a Communist take-over had Americans in the 1950's so frightened, some actually believed that there neighbors might be spies because McCarthy was planting this suspicion so strongly into their minds. Once the hysteria began, it snowballed out of control. In the Salem witch hunts two young girls, Betty Paris and Abigail Williams, were exhibiting strange behavior and were diagnosed to have been touched by the hand of the devil. When pressured to reveal the witch or witches who had caused this, the young girls named several outcasts of society. These accused witches were guilty until they prove their innocence. Many were tortured until they confessed they were in fact witches so they did not have to endure any more pain. A few who admitted their guilt were spared, while the rest were quickly executed. These confessions became the ?proof? of the existence of witches. The hysteria of McCarthyism began when Senator Joseph McCarthy landed a series of highly publicized investigations that intended to bring forward Communists in the State Department and Hollywood. McCarthy eventually let his ?Red Scare? get out of control and said the U.S. Army was concealing foreign espionage activities. His accusations contained little evidence and McCarthy eventually fell into disfavor. The Witch-hunts of Salem resulted in the execution of 20 individuals. People accused of witchcraft were considered guilty until proven innocent, and tests were devised to identify the guilty. Those who passed the treacherous tests were considered witches and put to death. Eventually, the madness ended but not before the slaying of twenty innocent people. The McCarthy Communism scare turned very negitive toward Senator McCarthy when the hearings to investigate whether the secretary of the Army was not cooperating to uncover Communists in the U.S. military. These hearings were given a great amount of media coverage and that did much to end the anti Communist ?witch-hunt? led by McCarthy. A resolution of censure against McCarthy was soon introduced in the Senate. On December 2, 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy was condemned in a vote of a special session of the U.S. Senate for his conduct in Senate committees. Bibliography Garraty, John A. ?The Rise of McCarthyism.? The Story of America. Cincinnati, OH: Pantheon Books, 1990: 458-459. ?McCarthy, Joseph Raymond.? Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. New York, NY: Publishing, Inc., 1999. CD-ROM ?The Salem Witch Trails 1692.? 27 August 1997. (14 October 1999).